It is not recommended to use Windows PowerShell Rename-SPServer cmdlet because it does not work if the server on which the configuration database is stored has already been renamed.
So, problem is that when you run PowerShell (after Rename-SPServer) on your SharePoint server, you get be greeted with the following error:
The local farm is not accessible. Cmdlets with FeatureDependencyId are not registered.
Solution:
Verify that you are a member of the local Administrators group on the local computer in order to run Stsadm
On the drive on which SharePoint Server 2010 is installed, change to the following directory: %COMMONPROGRAMFILES% Microsoft shared Web server extensions 14 Bin
Type the following command, and then press ENTER:
stsadm -o renameserver -oldservername <oldServerName> -newservername <newServerName>
Happy SharePointing!
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